本文是一篇Critical Review代写范文，题目为：Critical Review of Porter's Five Forces Model，本文主要对对波特五力模型的批判性回顾。
Porter's Five Forces Model, in the early 1980s, proposed by Michael Porter, it believes the industry determine the existence and extent of competition scale five forces, which together five forces affecting the attractiveness of the industry. Five forces are barriers to entry, threat of substitutes, bargaining power competitive buyer, seller and the bargaining power of existing competitors.
波特五力模型型，在20世纪80年代初由迈克尔·波特提出，它认为产业规模决定着竞争的存在和程度，这五种力量共同影响着产业的吸引力。五种力量是进入壁垒、替代品威胁、讨价还价能力、竞争性买方、卖方和现有竞争者的讨价还价能力。
Porter's five forces model as the industry exists in determining competitive scale and extent of the five forces, which together five forces affecting the attractiveness of the industry. Five forces are barriers to entry, threat of substitutes, bargaining power competitive buyer, seller and the bargaining power of existing competitors.
波特五力模型作为决定产业存在竞争规模和程度的五种力量，它们共同影响着产业的吸引力。五种力量是进入壁垒、替代品威胁、讨价还价能力、竞争性买方、卖方和现有竞争者的讨价还价能力。
1.Progress Review of the application of Porter's five forces model
Porter's five forces model has been widely used in many fields such as construction, education and training, tourism, food industry, industrial and banking sectors, give full play to the role of its industrial structure analysis, for managers to understand the industry competitive environment and conditions given guidance to help them make better strategic decisions.
波特五力模型已广泛应用于建筑，教育培训，旅游，食品工业，工业和银行等多个领域，充分发挥其产业结构分析的作用，使管理者了解行业竞争环境和给予指导的条件，帮助他们做出更好的战略决策。
Wang Xiaohui (2011) sets five forces model as an analytical framework will be applied to carry out war games and applications through case come as the industry's five forces model analysis tool in the analysis of companies in the industry recognize the environment on the basis of enterprise applications easy to develop laws of war games action strategies.
Han C / Porterfield T / Li X (2012) make an application of Porter's five forces model and value chain theory, through empirical study to explore the structural factors in the case of industrial manufacturers outsourcing affect contract manufacturing.
Oraman Y / Azabagaoglu MO / Inan IH (2011) evaluate the competitiveness of Turkish industry FMCG sector of the food industry with the five forces model, and considers five forces model is an excellent test industry profitability analysis tools.
Rajasekar J /Ai Raee M(2013) use five forces model, the Sultanate of Oman telecom industry structure analysis, and identify alternatives to the threat of competition and the industry produced between competitors is its most important competitive factors.
On the basis of criticism on the five forces model defects, some scholars have proposed methods to improvement.
GrundyT (2006) considers five forces model should be seen as a dynamic system with high intrinsic relevance, he detailed analysis of the relationship between a child and its affiliated five forces between the forces, and pointed out the need to break the previous five force model is divided into five parts, to be a static analysis of each concept, think of it as an organic whole.
Lee H / Kim MS / Park Y (2012) pointed out that Porter's five forces model is the core of strategic management, but in practice has been the lack of scholars and practice managers to its attention. He believes that the biggest drawback of the five forces model is difficult to implement in practice, and pointed out that it should be regarded as a complex system consisting of five sub-factors interrelated factors constitute its subsidiary, and then based on the correlation between the factors Sort by ANP evaluated. The ANP and his first five forces model combines five forces model to a new idea of improvement.
2.Progress Review of itsown shortcomingsand improvement of Porter's five forces model
Porter's five forces model is also related to the presence of defects,
Yang Qing song and Li Ming sheng (2005) say, Porter's five forces model is still the enterprise industry competitive analysis, developing basic competitive strategy. However, the five forces model has limitations side. First, it did not specifically consider the growth in the number of demands or needs. Second, this model does not explicitly explain the role of government.
HaxAC / Wilde D (2010) pointed out that Porter's five forces model analyzes the different actors weigh their pros and cons of pursuing the interests of the process, ignoring the possibility that the parties win-win cooperation. In addition, the customer will be referred to as the five forces model buyers, and as a business of Cubic, and small customer i is seen as the core of enterprise economic activity. They also believe that Porter's five forces model of competition between existing competitors this one as a core industry structure analysis, competitor activity over concerns may lead to limitations of their vision, should try to be creative to find unique features to differentiate it from its competitors positioning rather than pure imitation. In addition, Porter competitive strategy can be understood as an economic enterprise as a means to achieve sustainable competitive advantage in a particular industry taken. And many scholars have pointed out, competitive strategy should depend on all aspects of the company's internal resources and external threats, differentiated competitive advantage, considering only the external competitive environment is not comprehensive.
Porter's five forces model does not specifically consider the growth in the number of demands or needs. There is a big difference between the industry in terms of its features and structures, industry competitive analysis from the first to grasp the whole industry in the most important economic characteristics. In any industry, the number one demand or increase in demand is the most important economic characteristics. Number of demand reflects the market size, growth in demand reflects the market growth rate and the growth of the industry in the current cycle, the stage (early stage of development, the initial stage of rapid growth and early maturity, saturation and stagnant or declining phase). Industry Life Cycle impact on the competitiveness of enterprises cannot be ignored. Industry competition analysis must pay particular attention to changes in the industry dynamics and the environment.
Porter's five forces model does not explicitly the role of government. Porter in "Competitive Strategy" also talked about competition in the industry, government forces. Government policy can be a major barrier to entry, the government can restrict or even block for potential entrants into the industry. In many industries, government is a customer or supplier, through implementation of the policy implications of industry competition. You can also limit the government's actions supplier or customer's behavior. The Government can also regulations, subsidies or other methods on the industrial situation in relation to alternatives.
相关阅读：波特五力分析模型与应用及范文案例
