例析如何写好Essay开头段?
“万事开头难”,一个好的开头段是整篇essay获得高分的敲门砖。在留学生准备Essay写作的过程中,侧重点往往都放在主体段内容的架构上,这本无可厚非;但若要在原有分数的基础上再进步获取高分,一个引人入胜并有趣的首段是必不可少的。那么,如何写好Essay开头段?本文致远教育小编为大家举例分析。
首先,我们应该打破常规,即“背景句+解释扣题+立场阐述”这样的硬性模式,再去寻求突破;其次,我们应该考虑,什么样的方式更能吸引老师的注意。提倡使用排比句引领首段及全文,不仅能够使考官明确接下来的正文段中会讲到的论点,也能够使老师感受到扎实的语言功底和语言使用的灵活性。
排比方式的首段对我们优先找到我们要写的分论点是有很高要求的,因为排比句所引出的就是我们的分论点,但其形式、语言和使用的词汇都与分论点不同。另外,能够形成排比方式,就需要对题目当中的名词进行定义和分类、或对题目进行分情况讨论、或对于题目当中提到的关键抽象名词进行具象化。
排比方式首段共有两种形式:问句排比和陈述句排比。问句排比针对的题目中含有方式、办法、对策等关键词,或题目中隐含各类情况,而我们要针对的是特殊或分类的情况进行讨论;陈述句排比可使用的频率和范围较大,主语可以是人群,也可以是使用倒装句进行排比等等。排比句过后,引出主旨,这样一个独特的首段就完成了。
下面进行问句排比的解析:
Do you agree or disagree with the following statement: Newspapers and magazines are the best ways to learn about a foreign country.
此题立场应选择不同意,解题思路应为提出除newspapers and magazines的其他learn about a foreign country的方式,比如:从网上了解、找外国朋友了解、以及自己亲身游历了解等等。当我们找到了其他三种方式,而三个句子恰好是构成排比句的必要,这时我们就可以使用问句排比(由于题目本身是询问“方式”的,符合问句排比的条件)。
问句排比的基础句型是:Have you ever… ? 在填充内容时,需注意内容的充实完整性以及词汇的多样性。很多学生写的句子大多都是单一的,如Have you ever visited other countries? 在这里,提醒大家,当我们把其他方式其他情况拆分来讨论的同时,应该把题目当中含有的learn about a country中的动词也按照我们所划分的各种方式或情况进行一一对应一一具体化。将上文中学生写的单一句子按照动词的具体化扩充开,就变为:Have you ever traveled in another country, enjoying the dreamlike scenery and learning the people and culture there? 这个句子当中,增加了在另一国家旅游所能看到和学到的内容,正好对应题目当中的learn about a foreign country。
我们按照上文中的主体段框架将这三个排比句补充完整:
Have you ever surfed the Internet, catching a glimpse of the latest news happening there and appreciating the pictures taken in another country? Have you ever made foreign friends, studying their daily routine and trying to blend in with them? Have you ever traveled in another country, enjoying the dreamlike scenery and learning the people and culture there?
排比过后,我们需要给出主旨:这些都没有做过,那怎么能说newspapers and magazines are the best ways to learn about a foreign country?
于是,我们将这道essay题目完整的首段写出来:
Have you ever surfed the Internet, catching a glimpse of the latest news happening there and appreciating the pictures taken in another country? Have you ever made foreign friends, studying their daily routine and trying to blend in with them? Have you ever traveled in another country, enjoying the dreamlike scenery and learning the people and culture there? If you have never done these before, is it way too optimistic to say that newspapers and magazines are the best ways to learn about a foreign country?
这样的首段写出来,既能够在首段给出明确的中心思想,并且能让老师看出接下来要写的内容是什么,同时还能够用问句的形式加强整段的语气,形式新颖,环环相扣,句句相连,事事具体。
下面,我们再看考试真题:
Do you agree or disagree with the following statement: Patience is usually not a good strategy. We should take action now rather than later.
对这道题目进行分析,我们不难看出,这道题目要想有东西可写,需要进行情况的划分,即有些情况下patience很重要,有些情况下taking immediate actions比较重要。比如:当我们需要选择专业的时候,耐心分析比尽早做决定要好;当我们需要选择伴侣时,多一点时间相处比闪婚要好;当我们考试时,耐心检查比及早交卷要好。反过来,如果要选择take action now,我们可以想:当我们想学一项新技能的时候,尽早报名开始学习比拖到后期别人都会了的时候要好;当我们面对一项工作或学习任务时,尽快开始投入努力和时间去做比快到截止日期再做要好;当我们与他人竞争买房子的时候,看好就下手比再三考虑被别人抢先要好。
在思考过后,我们可以用问句排比来写这道essay题目的首段:
(选择patience) Have you ever regretted after a quick decision about the major when you lost all your interest or job opportunities in the university? Have you ever stuck in an unhealthy marriage after a hasty choice of the partner who is supposed to spend the whole life with you? Have you ever made numerous mistakes in a test after hurrying to submit the paper without checking the answers over and over again? If you have never encountered these situations, is it way too optimistic to say that taking action now is better than being patient?
(选择take action now)Have you ever lost possible profits because of other competitors springing up after waiting for too long to start a new business? Have you ever missed the deadline after failing to take immediate action when having a working or learning task to finish? Have you ever regretted after thinking too much on whether to buy a house when others seized the opportunity and lived in the big house? If you have never encountered these situations before, is it way too optimistic to say that patience is a better strategy?
在这两个例题之后,对于这种问句排比想必大家都没有什么问题了。总结一下问句排比的框架,由have you ever done something开头,内容上需要补充题目中可以根据情况拆分的动词或是不同情况的描述;最后一句为If you have never done these before / If you have never encountered these situations before, is it way too optimistic to say that …? 来进行首段的结束。这样一来,首段就显得尤为新颖有趣了。
下面,我们来看一道写作考题:
Do you agree or disagree with the following statement: If you are selecting a leader for a student organization, honesty is the most important to consider in whom to vote for.
这道考题也是一道绝对词类的题目,所以能够运用我们在上文中讲过的问句排比开头模式。分析这道题目,考查的是一个学生组织的领导所应该具有的品质。除诚实守信之外,一个学生组织的领导人应该具有沟通能力,解决问题的能力以及良好的管理能力。换句话说,没有沟通能力,组织里其他的学生有可能会形成小团体,从而对整个团队造成负面的影响;没有解决问题的能力,这个领导人就不会在出现问题的时候迅速分析问题并找到解决方法;没有良好的管理能力,这个领导人就不会根据每个学生的特点安排合适的工作,或是在有工作的时候分配得当。
对于这个essay题目分析过后,首段问句排比的形式也就能够一一对应写出来了:
Have you ever found out that the members in the student organization are divided into groups, having prejudice against each other or distrusting each other? Have you ever discovered that once there is something wrong in the process of a student campaign, your leader has nothing to do but wait for others to give analyses and figure out solutions? Have you ever stuck in some tasks assigned by your leader that you are not proficient in and found others in the same condition, making the student activity a total mess? If you have never encountered all these situations before, is it way too optimistic to say that voting for someone who is honest is the best choice for a student organization?
通过以上三个真题的问句排比首段范例,我们不难看出,绝对词类的考题最适合进行问句排比,能够分情况讨论的题目也可进行问句排比。问句排比的形式由三个Have you ever句型组成,注意在这三个排比句当中要体现出题目关键词的具体化,需要根据每个不同的排比内容或情况改动或填充里面的具体动词具体内容,不能用空洞的话语和词汇叙述任意一种情况,这样会显得排比句没有实质性内容。排比结束后,用最后一个问句“If you have never done these / encountered these situations before, is it way too optimistic to say that + topic改写?”来顺承排比,并引出整篇文章的中心思想。
这样的首段写作方式无疑是众多相似的essay模版化文章中难得一见的独特方式,通过这样的首段,在满足essay写作对于首段写作要求的同时,即阐明立场的同时,增加了可阅读性、趣味性、独特性,也让老师对于学生们的写作水平有一个正面的积极印象,从而使分数在众多考生中脱颖而出。当然,只有有风格的首段还不够,大家还需要在正文段当中用充实的内容、严密的逻辑以及地道的语言来抓住老师的心。
前面的文章我们也为大家整理了很多关于essay开头段写作技巧,这里分享给大家: