Critical Paper/Essay批判性写作句式
要写好学术性的文章(Paper/Essay), 应该对你使用的资料持批判性的态度。你需要对你所读到的东西提出质疑,而不一定因为这些信息/观点已经由学者发表出来就同意它。
批判性意味着要找出我们不赞同某个观点的原因,也要找出赞同它, 认为它是正确的或真实的原因。这可能需要你找出你支持或者否定的文章的作者的论点或方法,或者参考其他人对这些问题的批评。此外,好的文章需要包括提出建议,以及如何改进。
具体步骤包括:
• 找出之前研究的不足
• 找出某一个研究或者论文的不足或者缺陷
• 提出建设性的意见
• 引出问题或者局限性——理论或者观点方面的
• 引出问题或者局限性---方法或者实践方面的
• 用评判性的形容词对研究做出评论或者反馈
• 引入某位作者的批判性观点
• 对批判性观点做出总结
下面我们分别来看看这些常用句式有哪些。
1.找出之前研究的不足:
Highlighting inadequacies of previous studies
具体的英文写作句式包括:
• Previous studies of X have not dealt with…....
• Researchers have not treated X in much detail...
• Such expositions are unsatisfactory because they…...
• Most studies in the field of X have only focused on…...
• Such approaches, however, have failed to address…....
• Previous published studies are limited to local surveys.
2.找出某一个研究或者论文的不足或者缺陷
Identifying a weakness in a single study or paper
具体的英文写作句式包括:
• XX fails to fully define what…
• XX fails to acknowledge the significance of…
• The author overlooks the fact that X contributes to why.
• What XX fails to do is to draw a distinction between…
• The paper would appear to be over-ambitious in its claims.
• another weakness is that we are given no explanation of how …
3.提出建设性的意见
Offering constructive suggestions
具体的英文写作句式包括:
• The study would have been more interesting if it had included …
• These studies would have been more useful if they had focused on …
• The study would have been more relevant if the researchers had asked …
• The questionnaire would have been more useful if it had asked participants about …
• The research would have been more relevant if a wider range of X had been explored
4.引出问题或者局限性——理论或者观点方面的
Introducing problems and limitations: theory | argument
具体的英文写作句式包括:
理论
• The main weakness with this theory is that …
• The key problem with this explanation is that …
• However, this theory does not fully explain why …
观点
• One criticism of much of the literature on X is that …
• However, there is an inconsistency with this argument.
• A serious weakness with this argument, however, is that …
• One question that needs to be asked, however, is whether …
5.引出问题或者局限性---方法或者实践方面的
Introducing problems and limitations: method | practice
具体的英文写作句式包括:
• One major drawback of this approach is that …
• Selection bias is another potential concern because …
• Perhaps the most serious disadvantage of this method is that …
• The main limitation of biosynthetic incorporation, however, is …
• Non-government agencies are also very critical of the new policies.
• All the studies reviewed so far, however, suffer from the fact that …
6.用评判性的形容词对研究做出评论或者反馈
Using evaluative adjectives to comment on research
具体的英文写作句式包括:
• In(her/their/this)(useful/timely/seminal/detailed/thorough/excellent/influential)study/survey(of XX),
• YY shows that......
7.引入某位作者的批判性的观点
introducing the critical stance of a particular writer
具体的英文写作句式包括:
• XX (2003) has also questioned why …
• However, XX (2003) points out that …
• The author challenges the widely held view that …
• XX (1999) takes issue with the contention that …
• The idea that … was first challenged by XX(1992).
• XX is critical of the tendency to .......
• However, XX (1967) questioned this hypothesis and …
• XX(1980) broke with tradition by raising the question of …
• XX (2003) has challenged some of Smith’s conclusions, arguing that …
8.对批判性观点进行总结
Introducing general criticism
具体的英文写作句式包括:
• Critics question the ability of XX theory to provide …
• Non-government agencies are also very critical of the new policies.
• XX’s meta-analysis has been subjected to considerable criticism.
• The most important of these criticisms is that XX failed to note that …
• Introducing the critical stance of particular writers
• XX (2003) has also questioned why …
• However, XX (2003) points out that …
• The author challenges the widely held view that …
• XX (1999) takes issue with the contention that …
• The idea that … was first challenged by XX (1992).
以上就是批判性论文写作的常用句式大全,希望对大家有用,如果需要各类essay代写服务的同学们欢迎咨询网站客服,我们博远教育将为大家提供高质量原创代写服务,价格有诚意、分数有保障、服务有质量。