留学生论文论证方法学习
在留学生论文作业中，通常要求学生用逻辑论证来解释你的论文为什么以及如何具有说服力。从提出论点到最后的结论，中间需要持续的逻辑论证、讨论和提炼。当然，论证不是随意讨论，信手拈来，掌握好关键性的步骤可以在短时间内提高留学论文写作水平，今天我们就来学习一下这种方法吧。
1.论证的步骤
Step 1. Understand the assignment question
第一步：理解作业问题
在正式开始写作前，需要明确作业的中心问题，才能以问题为根据寻找论证依据，那么，你需要：
做大量与主题相关的文献阅读工作
理清为了解决研究问题需要做的工作
带着这样的问题与导师和同学讨论
Step 2. Take a tentative position
第二步：确定初步立场
在对主题和研究问题有了初步理解后，你应该有一些自己的想法和观点，包括：
阐明你要论证的内容（论证的顺序和具体内容）
思考你论点的依据是什么（每个论点该被如何一步步论证，这是一个逻辑建构的过程）
Step 3. Identify the stages in your argument and conduct research
第三步：确定论证阶段并开始讨论
当梳理好各论点后，就需要进一步明确并找到事实证据，帮助建构和推理，清楚地表达你的论点。
各个论点应该分段落进行论述，一段一个层次/分论点。这一步你需要：
阐明你的论点中的各个层次/分论点
为每个层次/分论点提供证据
整合参考文献，为论点提供依据
Step 4. Structure your paragraphs
第四步：组织段落
一旦明确了自己要提出的论点，以及要论证的顺序后，重要的便是组织好段落，以确保观点的逻辑通顺。
一个强有力的论证会提出一系列的观点，所以在每个段落中都需要围绕段落主题建构逻辑结构，使论文的每个部分都能清楚地讨论观点，让读者一目了然。这一步你需要：
1.让每个段落都能有一个主题，段落围绕主题进行
2.写包含一系列观点的补充句（即围绕主题展开论述）
3.每段都需要写一个总结性的句子进行观点总结
一个简单的例子
Essay Question: What are the key factors which contribute to childhood diabetes in Australia?
导致澳大利亚儿童糖尿病的关键因素是什么？
Step 1 理解作业问题
What is diabetes and why is it significant?
什么是糖尿病，为什么它是重要的？
Who does it affect and how does it affect them？
它影响了谁，如何影响他们？
How do children get it?
儿童如何得病？
Can it be prevented? If so, how?
它可以被预防吗？如果可以，如何预防？
Step 2 确立初步立场
From my reading, it seems that there are two key factors which lead to childhood diabetes – one is genetics and the other is lifestyle choice.
从我阅读文献的结果来看，似乎有两个关键因素导致了儿童糖尿病--一个是遗传，另一个是生活方式的选择。
Step 3 确定论证阶段并开始讨论
The first stage in my argument will be to explore how genetics is the major factor for childhood diabetes, particularly with regards to Type 1 diabetes.
我论证的第一阶段将探讨遗传是如何成为儿童糖尿病的主要因素，特别是在1型糖尿病方面。
The second stage in my argument will be to explore how lifestyle is the leading cause of Type 2 diabetes in children, particularly in terms of childhood obesity.
我论证的第二阶段将探讨生活方式是如何成为儿童2型糖尿病的主要原因，特别是在儿童肥胖方面。
Step 4 组织段落
Create an outline for your assignment which summarises what you intend to discuss in each paragraph.
为你的作业创建一个大纲，总结你打算在每段中讨论的内容。
2.如何跨段落论述
BODY PARAGRAPH ONE
TOPIC SENTENCE: Genetics is a key factor in the development of diabetes in children. SUPPLEMENTARY SENTENCE 1: Type 7 diabetes is a disease where the child's body no longer produces insulin. While the exact cause of Type 1 diabetes is unknown, research suggests there is a significant genetic component(Schmidt & Johanssen, 2018). Children with a parent or sibling with Type 1 diabetes have an increased risk of developing the condition. Type 1 diabetes can also develop as a result of environmental factors and as a result of illness which compromises the immune system (Umbrage et aL, 2016). SUPPLEMENTARY SENTENCE2: Genetics is also a significant factor in Type 2 diabetes. where a genetic vulnerability to developing obesity can make a child vulnerable to the development of Type 2 diabetes. Indeed, children whose parents or siblings have Type 2 diabetes are more likely to develop the condition (Anderson etal.. 2020). However, unlike Type 1 diabetes. Type 2 diabetes can be prevented and even cured through lifestyle factors.
Topic Sentence: Genetics is a key factor in the development of diabetes in children
主题句：遗传是儿童患糖尿病的一个关键因素。
Supplementary sentences:
1.Discuss the role of genetics in Type 1 diabetes, along with other possible factors relating to Type 1 diabetes
2.Discuss the role of genetics in Type 2 diabetes
补充句：
1.讨论遗传学在1型糖尿病中的作用，以及与1型糖尿病有关的其他可能因素
2.讨论遗传学在2型糖尿病中的作用
BODY PARAGRAPH TWO
TOPIC SENTENCE: Lifestyle is a key factor in the development of diabetes in children. SUPPLEMENTARY SENTENCE 1: While Type 1 diabetes cannot be prevented. Type 2 diabetes is thought to be caused by lifestyle factors such as poor diet and lack of physical exercise. The exact cause of Type 2 diabetes is unknown. but research suggests children who are obese are significantly more likely to develop Type 2 diabetes than children who fall into the normal weight range (Lee et al.r 2019). Scholars agree that lack of regular physical activity and a diet high in sugar and simple carbohydrates increases the chance that children will develop Type 2 diabetes (Wang and Johnson. 2018). SUPPLEMENT AR Y SENTENCE 2: Although the link between obesity and Type 2 diabetes in children is well-understood, the factors which contribute to childhood obesity are more complex. For example, children who grow up in lower socio-economic areas. and whose parents experience difficulties accessing regular employment and healthcare opportunities, are generally more vulnerable to experiencing lifestyle factors which contribute to childhood obesity (Valazquez et al., 2017).
Topic Sentence: Lifestyle is a key factor in the development of diabetes in children.
主题句：生活方式是儿童患糖尿病的一个关键因素。
Supplementary sentences:
1.Discuss the role of exercise, diet and education in Type 2 – focus on obesity
2.Discuss the complexity of obesity in children as an issue
补充句：
1.讨论运动、饮食和教育在2型中的作用--重点是肥胖症
2.讨论儿童肥胖症这一问题的复杂性
大家从上面的例子中有没有得到一些启发呢，其实我们只要记住“扣题”，多思考自己的论点和陈述能不能起到解释问题的作用，就可以写出一篇很好的论文啦！如果在留学期间有任何的留学论文写作难题，欢迎选择博远教育留学论文代写服务，价格有诚意、分数有保障、服务有质量，欢迎扫描右侧二维码咨询网站客服。
