Introduction和Conclusion写作结构及常用句式
正在低头苦写论文的你，还在被Introduction & Conclusion不断困扰的你，不知道该怎么写？怎样可以得高分？下面博远教育小编为大家整理了Introduction & Conclusion写作结构及常用句式，希望帮助大家学会如何写好这两个部分的内容。
Introduction 是一篇文章的开始，写好Introduction是可以给老师留下好的第一印象的关键哦~今天我们来看看到底该怎么写Introduction?
1.Introduction怎么写？
Introduction的基本结构：
*/ research background/ context背景介绍
*/ research aims/ objectives研究目的或目标
*/ research methodology/ theory rationale简单介绍研究所用的方法论和理论以及理由（段文章可以和上面一条合并起来）
*/ research structure 文章的结构
1.1 research background/ context背景介绍
一定要避免以下误区！
①越详细越好，从几十年前的发展说起
②引用一堆学者文献
③介绍完背景就直接写文章的aim
正确写法：
✔不要过于复杂，抓最核心的，跟你论点最贴近的背景信息来写
✔最好不要用太多的reference，毕竟是文章刚开始，会显得头重脚轻
✔适当融入literature review，回顾完别人的文献后，指出gap和自己文章的创新点，选此话题的重要性等
1.2 research aims/ objectives研究目的或目标
*/ The main aims of this study is to investigate ...
本文的主要目的是研究..
*/ This study aims to explore the issue of...，based on the...
本研究旨在探讨...问题，基于...的理论
*/ with the aim of...，this study sets out to...
为了...的目的，这项研究提出...
1.3 research methodology/ theory rationale简单介绍研究所用的方法论和理论以及理由
*/ To achieve the above-mentioned aims, I have developed a ...
为了实现以上所述的目的，我发现了...（可以加理论）
*/ In order to account for...,I adopt the theory of ...
为了对...做出解释，我采用...的理论
*/ In order to achieve the objectivity, I draw upon the... framework
为实现这个目的，我利用了...的理论框架
1.4 research structure 文章的结构
一般在introduction的最后，用一段简单的介绍下文章的结构就可以。
Following the introduction, section 2 begins with the discussion of.... Then section 3 foucues on.... Section 4 and 5 are the main parts of this study which deal with... This study concludes with...
在引言之后，第二部分开始讨论...之后的第三部分着重于...第4和第5部分是本研究的主要内容，涉及...
关于字数：
introduction占总字数的10%~15%相对来说比较合适。我们拿10k的文章来举例，可以写1k~1.5k的字数都是没问题的。
2.Conslusion怎么写？
Essay Conclusion写作重点：
①Looking Back 总结和归纳写作中涉及的主要领域
②Give a final comment or judgement做出评论或判断
③Making Suggestions提出建议和预测未来研究方向
2.1 Restating the aims of the study重述研究的目的
回到你的总体论点表明文章即将结束，不要只是重复Thesis statement 而是重新表述你的论点
*/ This study set out to...
*/ This paper has argued that ...
*/ This essay has discussed the reasons for...
*/ In this investigation, the aim was to assess...
*/ The aim of the present research was to examine...
*/ The purpose of the current study was to determine...
*/ The main goal of the current study was to determine...
*/ This proiect was undertaken to design...and evaluate...
*/ The present study was designed to detwemine the effect of...
*/ The second aim of this study was to investigate the effects of...
2.2 Summarising main research findings总结主要研究结果
总结是展示文章所有段落如何加起来成为一个连贯的整体的最后机会，避免简单总结每一段或按顺序重复每一个观点
*/ This study has identified...
*/ This study has shown that...
*/ The research has also shown that...
*/ The second major finding was that...
*/ These experiments confirmed that...
*/ X mande no significant difference to...
*/ This study haas found that generally...
*/ The investigation of X has shown taht...
*/ The results of this investigation show that...
*/ The most obvious finding to emerge from this study is that...
*/ The relevance of X is clearly supported by the current findings.
2.3 Suggesting implications for the field of knowledge提出对知识领域的影响
它是否有助于你对主题有一个新的理解？它是否提出了未来研究的新问题？
*/ Overall，this study strengthens the idea that...
*/ The current data highlight the importance of...
*/ The findings of this research provide insights for...
*/ The results of this research support the idea that...
*/ These data suggest that X can be achieved throught...
*/ The theoretical implications of these findings are unclear.
*/ The principal theoretical implication of this study is that...
*/ This study has raised important questions about the nature of...
*/ The findings of this investigation complement those of earliser studies.
*/ These findings have significant implications for the understanding of how...
2.4 Explaining the significance of the findings or contribution of the study解释研究结果的意义或研究的贡献
尽量避免简单重复你在讨论已经涉及的内容，挑最重要的几点进行概述
*/ The findings will be of interest to...
*/ This thesis has provided a deeper insight into...
*/ The findings reported here shed new light on...
*/ The study contributes to our understanding of...
*/ These results ass to the rapidly expanding field of...
*/ The contribution of this study has been to comfirm...
*/ Before this study, evidence of X was purely anecdotal.
*/ This project is the first comprehensive investigation of ...
*/ The insights gained from this study may be of assistance to...
*/ This work contributes to existing knowledge of X by providing...
2.5 Recognising the limitations of the current study认识当前研究的局限性
强调你为什么采取这样的办法，研究结果与你的期望有多大差距
*/ A limitation of this study is that...
*/ Being limited to X, this study lacks...
*/ The small sample size did not allow...
*/ The major limitation of this study is the...
*/ This study was limited be the absence of ...
*/ X makes these findings less generalisable to...
*/ Thirdly, the study did not evaluate the use of...
*/ It is unfortunate that the study did not include...
*/ The scope of this study was limited in terms of...
*/ The study is limited by the lack of information on...
*/ The most important limitationlies in the fact that...
2.6 Making recommendations for further research work为进一步研究工作提出建议
避免夸大研究的适用性，重点阐述你的发现对理论和实践的影响
*/ The question raised by this study is...
*/ The study should be repeated using...
*/ This would be a fruitful area for further work.
*/ Several questions still remain to be answered.
*/ A natural progression of this work is to analyse...
*/ More research using controlled trials is needed to ...
*/ More broadly,research is also needed to determine ...
*/ A further study could assess the long-term effects of ...
*/ What is now needed is a cross-national study involving...
*/ Consderably more work will need to be done to determine...
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