本文是一篇Essay代写范文，题目为：Orchestra in the Symphony，这篇Essay讨论了交响乐中的管弦乐器。交响乐在音乐领域中有着不可替代的地位，交响乐凭借它独有的严谨结构，丰富的表现手法等特点，形成了独树一帜的演奏形式。而在交响乐之中，也少不了管弦乐器的演奏。交响乐和管弦乐器的关系是相辅相成的，无论是哪一个发展起来，都会带动另外一个的发展。
Orchestra in the Symphony
Symphony plays an important role in vital irreplaceable in complex and diverse kinds of music themes, the symphony music with profound meaning, elegant, profound thinking, rich sound quality is known. Symphony mainly symphonies, concertos, symphonic overture, symphonic suite, symphonic poem presented these five carriers, but the scope of the symphony can be extended to part with a relatively distinctive orchestral texture, such as symphony orchestra playing Capriccio, narrative music, Rhapsody, and various variations and dance music. Symphony's unique structured, rich performance, features a comprehensive approach means of artistic expression like a play in the form of one's own unique loved, which has become the indisputable point of view.
交响乐在复杂多样的音乐主题中发挥着不可替代的重要作用，交响乐以其深邃的内涵、高雅的风格、深邃的思想、丰富的音质而著称。交响乐主要以交响乐、协奏曲、交响序曲、交响组曲、交响诗这五大载体呈现，但交响乐的范围可以扩展到部分具有比较鲜明的管弦乐肌理，如交响乐团演奏随想曲、叙事曲、狂想曲，以及各种变奏曲和舞曲。交响乐以其独特的结构、丰富的表现手法、综合的艺术表现手段，像一部戏剧以自己独特的形式表现出来，这已成为不争的观点。
The preparation of the most comprehensive full symphony orchestra, and the orchestra is a large orchestra. Mainly by the string sections, group woodwind, brass group, and other components percussion, string sections can be divided into: a first violin, a second portion violin, viola section, cello part, bass part and harp six loud part. Woodwind group was made: Flute, (first flute), (second flute), (Third flute), (Piccolo) composition. And may increase the ratio and reduce the necessary parts of orchestral music. Clarinet, (first clarinet) (second clarinet) (third clarinet). Oboe (first oboe) (second oboe). Pipe (First bassoon) (second bassoon), and a loud portion of British these components. Large numbers may also be added with the sun isochronous the group consisting of brass trombone (first trombone) (second trombone) (third No. L) (bass trombone), if required orchestral music. S, (first trumpet) (second trumpet) (third trumpet) (IV S). Horn, (first horn) (second horn) (third horn), this portion consisting of several more. Percussion part: timpani, snare drum, bass drum, triangle, pulling, gongs, chimes, shakers and so on.
The origin can be traced to 1. The symphony fourteenth to the sixteenth century, the basic shape in the nineteenth century to the twentieth century. The early classical symphony is developed on the basis of Italian Baroque opera overture on. To the first half of the 18th century, many composers began to use this opera overture fast - slow - fast structure to compose orchestral works, called Symphony. In the late 18th century, this symphony has gradually replaced the Baroque concerto, has become a major form of concert it was to show the instrumental music. At this time the status of orchestral instrumental music also began to improve. Early European classical music's most important symphony center in Man Hamu, Vienna and Berlin, because of their important role in the history of music, was later referred to as Man Hamu School of Music, School of Music in Vienna, and Berlin music schools. Man Hamu where the royal music camp Elector Carl Philipp band and its successor Theodor children established represented by a number of musicians from different countries and nationalities. The band, led by Sida Meads, well-known in Europe. Man Hamu band's remarkable success lies in their playing style, its greatest feature is that in terms of sound, good substantial change in the intensity of use. For example: Costa Meads was first used crescendo technique, breaking the traditional Baroque maintain the same intensity of work in a way to make music with a more exciting sound effects. For at that time to play as the main form of Baroque genre of European music is so fresh and creative undoubtedly played like a breath of fresh blood flowing and nourishing as musicians inspiration. Man Hamu main theme of the band's music-based works, prominent violin melody lines, only use imitation only when conducive to the performance or fugue. They generally do not use the pass played bass, but all of the accompaniment parts of the band and write out, or use some fast tremolo and arpeggios and other special skills. This time, orchestration gradually began to change. In terms of orchestration, they started clarinet and band music is not only for the violin foil and filled with harmony, but more and more attention to play band music personalities, even in the form of solo works. As a violinist, Costa Meads established tradition Man Hamu orchestra led by violinist of the band.
Early European symphony is another center of Vienna. Direct predecessor composer grace, wagon Searle, are Haydn, Mozart's. Their music and, later, younger Ge Siman, Michael Haydn's works are elegant with a pleasant sense of humor and lyrical like Vienna. Their movement in sonata form good use of thematic clusters mutual comparison. This is an important feature of their creation. Their writing style also has a great influence on Mozart. Favor the creation of "D Major Symphony" is by far the earliest known, the four movements composed for one minuet as the third movement of the symphony.
Berlin School of Music at King of Prussia, Frederick the Great as the center, including the composer Marina Heights, Emmanuel Bach and so on. Due to limited-loving king, their creative form of more traditional and conservative. Although they still compose symphonies three movement structure, but also rarely used sharp contrast theme, but they are also one of the earliest discovery and use of dynamics in music schools. In addition to the emphasis they place on factors to enrich the symphony of texture. Its main material symphony music is generally played by string, wind and filled only serve to strengthen the role. By the 18th century, the increasingly important role of band music, its independence has also been enhanced. In the form of the previously mentioned relatively fixed, only in the classical symphony period. But there particularity. For example, in the late Haydn wrote on six-movement symphony. As for the contrast between the fast and slow movements will have some changes, such as "Farewell" Symphony of many changes is to the end of the slow movement as to the number and structure of music, composers will also be required depending on the Writing. Beethoven's Pastoral Symphony is made up of five movements done. The process is complete symphony orchestra improvement process, the two are closely related. From the historical development of the symphony orchestra is not difficult to see that played a key role in the symphony.
With the development of the continuous development of the symphony playing skills also entered a peak period. Speaking from playing development Strings: violin art is another peak artistic development of Western music. Violin beautiful sweet tone, a high degree of performance skills and rich expressive performance, it occupies a privileged position in a unique instrument among many, is the man widely loved and welcome. Italy is an important birthplace of violin playing techniques. 18th and 19th century, was born in an Italian violin genius --- Paganini. His contribution to the development of the art of violin made by either the creation or played on so far in human history is that no one can with a par. Paganini pioneered the Romantic era violin playing, he created two Violin Concerto and "Carnival of Venice" and 24 Caprices, violin classical literature and artistic performance skills touchstone. The turn of the 19th century and 20th century, violin education at this time there was an outstanding educator 1. Orr (1845-1930, Hungary), his scientific unique teaching method to obtain fruitful results of education, training star pupil of the famous Heifetz, Milstein, Polya gold, Zimbalist, Elman and so on. Violin 20th century art has been updated, higher development, the emergence of a more virtuoso. For example Heifetz, his playing style heroic atmosphere, magnificent strict, with both classical reason and moderation, there are beggars and beauty of modern man. Oistrakh was another great 20th century violin virtuoso. His playing style simple natural, energetic and lively, but the latter has a magnificent momentum and a deep philosophical meaning. Sweet melodious violin sound, continuous tone, narrative is strong and so are the violin in the symphony often serve as the most played part of the main theme.
Cello has a rich melodious sound and vigorous lyrical temperament, and has received a large number of audience favorite, while also providing play their musical talents of display space for many composers. Baokalini, Haydn, Schumann, Lalo, Dvorak, Elgar Cello Concerto, who created and many cello solo masterpiece has become popular symphonic concert often played. After a long process as the bass part of the ensemble, cello as a solo instrument popular in the 20th century, the cello concerto symphony concert also highly anticipated. And this is the cellist with the efforts of many inseparable. Which has made outstanding contributions to the cellist are: Spanish cellist Pablo Casals, the Russian cello master Rostropovich, as well as, Chinese-American cellist Ma Youyou has a remarkable talent to play and so on.
When musicians play re-creation of the thought process, evolution and improvement, the evolution of social status, factors such as the rise of national consciousness structures are playing violin string art development has played a key role. From the cello and the cellist and composer in well-developed playing skills and music point of view, not only highlights the rich cello sound, wide range, easy to move people and so on, while the bass and lifts them firmly in a symphony orchestra effect has become increasingly clear that the main task of the cello symphony which is the stability of the overall grasp of rhythm and harmony of texture.
Flute, is originated in ancient wind instrument, initially for the wooden structure. Modern flute is made of wood or metal mountains. Wooden flute with a high density of ebony is the best. Sound soft, small volume, cracking easily, damage, higher production costs, metal flute from its performance, orchestration, harmony, idioms and sound effects, it still belongs to the woodwind. Flute as an example to the development of woodwind musical instruments has its three characteristics in common: First, there have been a variety of durable materials produced woodwind, using durable materials played a great help with the breakthrough on saving instruments. The second is the emergence of a family member as the producer of collectivized production. This change was first introduced by some of the performers and artisans now initiated later family workshop more systematic, supporting. Third, the shape of the instrument has changed. Improvement and development of instruments and the development of music is always complementary, promote the development of musical instruments, musical instruments, in turn, gradually adapt to the new requirements of the music. So often virtuoso flute solo part in the symphony which is indispensable and much loved. Composers often like to make a variety of topics Introduction and flute playing out. Flute The improved performance is more suitable for treble voices among the symphony, people listen long tire.
With the development of Western orchestral music since the 17th and 18th centuries, composers began to take an interest in a variety of wind instruments, and wrote a number of solo and concerto for solo wind instrument for certain. Wind renowned musicians in the 20th century flutist Lampa children, Gail, for clarinet Silu Bozeman. Trumpet player Maurice, Yuan Hao player Bowman and so on. Trumpet loud and clear sound, very sharp. Not only can play exciting melody, but also can play soft lyrical music section. Therefore, in a symphony orchestra which it is indispensable brass instruments. Midrange and treble trumpet zone area is the most expressive tone, middle range of dynamics biggest, bass pronunciation weak, can play strong but requires special skills, treble best but the volume is not great , the overall sound Qiang Lie, very brilliant feeling, crisp sound loud, Gao Kang, highly musical skills. Brass music group is high, not only can play a loud sound of the horn can play a beautiful and rich singing melody, if the composer needs, will add mute trumpet part in the symphony of the its sound is more full of mysteries.
Important role in the symphony orchestra of brass which is important, most of the composers are good to use copper pipe to each symphonies, especially in relation to the heroism, triumph topics such magnificent works need copper metal sound Wind vigorously to render the atmosphere. Brass melody always makes lifted the climax of the symphony, played a prominent role well. Brass and symphony orchestra which group is also often used to make sustained harmonies, percussion group Rhythm of the whole symphony pillar. With a common form of four movements of the symphony orchestra has developed into the most glorious moment in classical instrumental music in the symphony already occupy the position of the center of most of its scale and significance has also been a rapid development. Until Haydn, Mozart symphony later works which have become the most important form of its creation. At the same time in three movements mainly of solo instruments and orchestra played the sonata is competing development Concerto also will come to a new stage of splendor. The solo concerto gorgeous combination of skills and abilities to band together, form the symphony orchestra playing richer. In such a lively writing style orchestration requirements of various musical instruments can actively participate in the play. Themes alternate between each instrument group to imitate, engaged in excited conversation astute, sophisticated and delicate differences reflected most vividly. Each band sounds have been to maximize the play, the most appropriate expression. Sudden stress, play ⌒ strength of contrast edge of the male Smilacinus terrier obvious, sudden sudden strong weak dramatic conversion, all of these factors make classical music style of the band during the school we have a more vivid and dramatic tension .
Foundation of the modern symphony orchestra is based on the second half of the 19th century, the development so far. It has a very significant improvement on the results of the first half of woodwind and brass of the nineteenth century. In particular the invention swirling piston ring and the new device is commonly used. Development in the 21st century orchestra, there are two tendencies, one is prepared to continue to expand the band, the other is the opposite, return to the eighteenth century chamber music orchestra type of mode. The entire history of the development of the symphony orchestra, the band used by ancient composers are diverse, but roughly divided into small and large symphony orchestra symphony orchestra. Small symphony orchestra in the second half of the eighteenth century, the formation of this band at the time of the composer does not seem to think he is small, but since the beginning of the 1830s the general symphony, opera and ballet works, mostly application of large-scale symphony orchestra. Large symphony orchestra there are about sixty to ninety people, sometimes there are more than 100 people, this band is sometimes part of the number of compressed musical instruments, in particular to reduce the number of stringed instruments, as well as general plus rare band instruments like the piano and organ and so on.
Finally, I must also mention the "double pipe band" and "three band." "Double tube" and "three", refers to the number of each group of the woodwind instrument. If the amount of each woodwind instrument is double the number we call double pipe band, the amount of each woodwind if all three of the so called three, the number of which is equipped with a woodwind part of four words are called four were prepared, each part as mentioned in the previous one, two, three, four. The greater is easy to see the proportion of each woodwind, musical instruments used in the deformation will gradually increase.
In short, orchestral development directly affects the change symphony orchestra, the two complement each other, closely related. Whether the various instruments in an orchestra pipe string voices or music part percussion part of its development affects all of the overall development of the orchestra. Improve and enhance the skills of playing a musical instrument can have a direct impact on the overall sound of the music and the overall structure of the song, while the composer symphony can visually express the inherent attention to music, playing techniques reduce the range of the instrument with limited limitations caused. Thus the orchestra played a pivotal role in the orchestra can not be ignored.
总之，交响乐团的发展直接影响着交响乐团的变革，二者相辅相成，密切相关。一个管弦乐队中的各种乐器无论是管弦乐的人声还是音乐的打击乐部分，其发展都影响着整个管弦乐队的整体发展。乐器演奏技巧的提高和提高可以直接影响到音乐的整体音色和歌曲的整体结构，而作曲家对交响乐的内在关注可以直观地表达出来，演奏技巧的降低使乐器的音域受到了有限的限制。因此管弦乐队在管弦乐队中起着不可忽视的关键作用。
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