本文是一篇Essay代写范文赏析，题目为：Duty to Parents，本文主要讨论了对父母的责任。虽然最早的哲学家已经定义了一个人的道德义务，但成年人对父母的义务还没有得到明确的解决。大多数人普遍认为孩子长大后必须照顾父母。然而，这种信念正日益受到哲学家的挑战。根据哲学家简·英格利什的说法，父母和孩子之间的关系被重新定义为友谊。
Although the earliest philosophers have defined a person's moral obligations, the obligations of adults to their parents have not yet been specifically resolved. Most people generally believe that children must take care of their parents when they grow up. However, this belief is increasingly being challenged by philosophers. According to the philosopher Jane English, the relationship between parents and children is redefined as friendship. As a result, parents are obliged only when the relationship between parents and children remains friendly. In this article, I will argue that the responsibility of adults to their parents is no stronger than the responsibility of friendship.
虽然最早的哲学家已经定义了一个人的道德义务，但成年人对父母的义务还没有得到明确的解决。大多数人普遍认为孩子长大后必须照顾父母。然而，这种信念正日益受到哲学家的挑战。根据哲学家简·英格利什的说法，父母和孩子之间的关系被重新定义为友谊。因此，父母只有在亲子关系保持友好时才有义务。在这篇文章中，我将论证成年人对父母的责任并不比友谊的责任更重。
For believers of traditional moral values, children are responsible to their parents because they are children who give them the gift of life. However, this belief is only based on social norms, not logical foundations. It is important to realize that there is no "debt" that adults owe their parents. According to English (148), when a person requests the help of another person, that person is obliged to return that person's help because these actions were initiated by him or her. However, when one person voluntarily does something for another person, the other person has no obligation to do something in return. Similarly, in the relationship between parents and children, the children did not ask their parents to give any "favors" to support them. Parents assumed this responsibility when deciding to give birth to a child. Therefore, there is no reason for parents to demand any return based on what they provide for their children, because it is always possible to refute the argument that "I did not ask for birth", and this argument is indeed valid. A little.
In addition to the proper relationship, English also puts forward the concept of "friendship" to define the proper relationship between adults and their parents. Although the sound of this theory may be outrageous to some people, the concept of friendship replaces "reward" with "reciprocity" (English, 149). When true friends do something for each other, the only consideration in their hearts is each other's happiness, not the other's expectation of being rewarded. This is because the existence of friendship has become the bond between them, so that they don't have to worry about going back and forth. This caring relationship between friends is very suitable for parents and their adult children. Comparing parenthood with friendship should never be regarded as a kind of degradation. When parents take care of their children out of love, they are not sympathetic. On the contrary, children who maintain a good relationship with their parents will naturally do something for their parents to improve their happiness. However, comparing this interrelationship with the idea of repayment is a degradation. Parental contact is never a favor to the child, but a promise of a special friendship, which is expected to last longer than any other friendship.
However, some philosophers, such as Christine Hoff-Sommers, believe that English theories will undermine the morality that unites society. Hoff-Summers accused the attacks on traditional family values as radical rather than liberal (43). Hoff-Sommers believes that many philosophers just put forward a theory that over generalizes the relationship between people, instead of fixing their models to take care of the special nature of the relationship between family members. Hof Sommers believes that the "most people's mind" is essential for determining how to write virtue, not the philosopher's theory (55). Since there is still a dominant belief in the responsibility of filial piety, filial piety should be practiced rather than abolished. Otherwise, society will face the danger of radicalization and instability. Therefore, more respect should be given to "common-sense views" regarding kinship and family relations. Over the years, the divorce rate has risen sharply, and the value of family values has become lower and lower (58). Hoff-Sommers believes that this kind of statistical data may be a sign of social disintegration, and social disintegration stems from attacks on traditional blood relations and family values. The disintegration of the family is more likely to cause the misfortune of children than ever before, and continues to affect children’s deviation from the value of the family, and ultimately leads to social divisions.
Although Hoff-Sommers emphasized the importance of the social environment rather than the natural environment, she ignored the fact that the social environment and common-sense beliefs continue to evolve over time. The relationship between parents and children in modern society should also develop over time. The ultimate goal is to promote social integration and the overall happiness of the public, and some philosophers who have attacked the traditional duty of filial piety have not violated this goal. Parents becoming friends like children will only increase the harmony of the family and the whole society. In addition, Hoff-Sommers' argument has failed to resolve the inability of countless parents. However, English theory effectively solves the moral problem, that is, if the relationship between children and their parents is not good, whether they should take care of their parents. In most cases, parents fail to provide a caring and caring environment for their children to grow up, and fail to maintain a friendly relationship with their children should also be blamed. For children, it is unreasonable to assume more filial responsibilities, because mutual assistance ends in friendship (English, 150).
In short, the relationship between parents and children in modern society should develop from the traditional beliefs of "favor" and even "ownership". Only by establishing a caring and mutual assistance relationship like between friends can the relationship between parents and children truly achieve sustainable development. By restricting adults’ obligations to their parents no stronger than their friends’ obligations, people emphasized the importance of love and care between humans, rather than mocking the debts owed. This will also save those children who have suffered because of their parents’ unfriendliness from being improperly accused of not supporting their parents.
总之，现代社会中的父母与儿童关系应该从传统的“恩惠”甚至“所有权”的观念发展。只有建立朋友之间这样的关爱互助关系，才能真正实现父母与儿童的可持续发展。人们通过限制成年人对父母的义务，而不是嘲笑欠下的债务，而是强调了人与人之间的爱和关怀的重要性。这也将拯救那些因父母不友好而遭受苦难的儿童免受不当指控不赡养父母的情况。
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