本文是一篇Essay代写范文，本文章主要讨论环境污染是指由于各种因素造成的环境质量下降。污染包括空气污染、水污染、噪声污染等。目前，污染问题非常严重，从长远来看可能会阻碍经济发展。因此，政府正在采取一些措施来解决这些问题。本文关注的是空气污染，它指的是包括颗粒物（PM）或气体在内的污染物对地球大气的污染（Kelly&Fussell，2015）。本文介绍了空气污染的两个原因。之后，提出了对公共卫生的一个负面影响。最后，本文给出了一种解决方案。
Introduction引言
Environmental pollution refers to the decline of environmental quality due to various factors. Pollution includes air pollution, water pollution, noise pollution and etc. Now, the pollution problem is so serious that it may hinder economic development in the long run. As a result, the government is taking some measures to solve the problems. This essay focuses on air pollution, which refers to the pollution to the Earth’s atmosphere due to pollutants including particulate matter (PM) or gases (Kelly & Fussell, 2015). The essay introduces two causes of air pollution. After that, one negative effect on public health is proposed. Finally, the essay shows one solution of the problem.
环境污染是指由于各种因素造成的环境质量下降。污染包括空气污染、水污染、噪声污染等。目前，污染问题非常严重，从长远来看可能会阻碍经济发展。因此，政府正在采取一些措施来解决这些问题。本文关注的是空气污染，它指的是包括颗粒物（PM）或气体在内的污染物对地球大气的污染（Kelly&Fussell，2015）。本文介绍了空气污染的两个原因。之后，提出了对公共卫生的一个负面影响。最后，本文给出了一种解决方案。
The Cause of Air Pollution
In general, there are two causes of air pollution, which are the nature factor and anthropogenic factor.
Firstly, the nature factor, including volcanic activities, wildfires and so on, can cause air pollutions. These natural behaviors emit a range of toxic gases, such as sulfur and chlorine. They are beyond human control and have negative effects. Although the nature factor cannot be avoided, the scope and duration of these actions are limited ("Air Pollution Causes", 2017).
Unlike nature factors, the anthropogenic factor is more serious. It includes the growth in the number of vehicles and improper behaviors in industrial processes. With the continuous improvement of income and living standards, people are keen on having private cars, which has made the number of motor vehicles rise sharply. In 2009, for example, in Beijing, there were over 3.3 million motor vehicles. It is pointed that vehicles account for 70% of urban pollution (Lower, Shaul, Shaul & Weaver, 2018). Gasoline used by motor vehicles can pollute the air by producing sulfur dioxide, carbon monoxide and particulate matter. Moreover, in addition to private cars, trucks and public transport are also on the rise, which can trigger air pollution. Among them, the truck can cause the most serious emissions. What is more, improper behaviors in the production process can lead to pollution. Specifically, in industrial processes, chemical spills or incineration of waste can release organic and inorganic pollutants into the air. At the same time, many factories burn coal for energy. When coal is burned, some polluting gases and particulate matter are produced. Or, in some industrial processes of construction and demolition, various building materials can pollute the air because those materials may contain plenty of chemicals ("Air Pollution Causes", 2017).
The Effect of Air Pollution
Air pollution can have an extremely serious impact on public health. It can cause acute and chronic health problems, and then, the ultimate effect is premature death (Kelly & Fussell, 2015). First of all, studies have shown that pollutants with a gravimetric concentration of only 100-200μg/m³ can cause acute alveolar inflammation, which can lead to an increase in cardiovascular death. Besides, air pollution can result in a rapid deterioration of patients who have respiratory diseases (Seaton, Godden, MacNee & Donaldson, 1995). Next, air pollution can cause a long-term health hazard, because it can lead to some chronic diseases and increase the risk of cancers. Through a study on approximately 1.2 million adults in America, the American Cancer Society (ACS) concluded that for every 10μg/m³ increase in PM2.5 levels, the risk of lung cancer and other chronic deaths can be increased by more than 4 percent. This study has provided strong evidence that exposure to air pollution is a huge risk factor for public health (Pope III et al., 2002). It is worth mentioning that air pollution is more serious for children or teenagers, because it can cause come chronic blood diseases, which are likely to lead to death.
The Solution to Air Pollution
As air pollution can cause bad effects, governments are actively taking countermeasures. At present, air pollution is mainly caused by the excessive number of motor vehicles. Hence, one general solution to air pollution is controlling vehicles. There are three specific ways to do this. In China, for example, major cities, like Beijing and Shanghai, have restrictions on the purchase of private cars. In Beijing, the government set a quota of 240,000 new cars in 2011. In other words, in 2011, only 240,000 cars were allowed to be purchased. People who want to buy a private car need to apply in advance and then get the qualification through a license-plate lottery. Furthermore, many areas implement an odd-even car ban policy, thus reducing daily emission and air pollution. Lastly, the government has put forward emission standards to limit high-emission vehicles, and then, electric vehicles are encouraged to enter the market (Wang et al., 2018).
Conclusion
In conclusion, air pollution is due to natural causes, such as volcanic eruptions or wildfires, and anthropogenic causes, such as the increasing numbers of cars and industrial practices. To a large extent, air pollution has bad effects on human health. It can lead to acute and chronic diseases and even death. Therefore, governments must address this problem. One solution mentioned above is restricting motor vehicles. In words, governments try to reduce air pollution by limiting the number of vehicles, setting emission standards and encouraging the production of electric vehicles. In the future, we should pay more attention to environmental problems and avoid polluting the environment further.
总之，空气污染是由自然原因造成的，如火山爆发或野火，以及人为原因，如越来越多的汽车和工业做法。在很大程度上，空气污染对人类健康有不良影响。它可以导致急性和慢性疾病，甚至死亡。因此，政府必须解决这个问题。上面提到的一个解决方案是限制机动车辆。换句话说，政府试图通过限制车辆数量、制定排放标准和鼓励电动汽车生产来减少空气污染。未来，我们应该更加关注环境问题，避免进一步污染环境。
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